Site items in: Regulations

Ammonia as a fuel – building the business case
Paper

Ammonia as a fuel – building the business case

Katharine Palmer November 19, 2020

The successful substitution of current fossil-based fuels by zero-carbon energy sources is dependent on a combination of policy / regulation, investment and commercial business model development and fuel / technology development that will evolve over the coming years. The evolution of both the energy system and the shipping system that is needed, and associated timescales of development, investment and asset life, means that there are steps that need to be initiated now, and work carried out throughout this decade, even though the transition may not be completed for a couple of decades. This presentation looks at the Technology readiness, investment…

Ammonia as Alternative Maritime fuel
Paper

Ammonia as Alternative Maritime fuel

Anthony Teo November 18, 2020

Global shipping will by 2050 need to reduce the GHG emissions by 50% compared to the 2008 baseline, according to one of the targets set by the IMO, as well as a goal of being GHG neutral by the end of the century. The adoption of carbon neutral fuels will be a key enabler to achieve this goal. This presentation will consider these issues and suggest a process and pathway to overcome regulatory barriers, safety, and infrastructure for ammonia that needs to be addressed to facilitate the use of ammonia as a fuel in shipping.

IIAR Standards and Guidelines
Paper

IIAR Standards and Guidelines

Eric Smith November 17, 2020

The International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration (IIAR) is a professional society and trade association dedicated to the use of natural refrigerants, the most prevalent of which is ammonia. IIAR members embrace the safe use of ammonia because of its energy efficiency, ease of use, and wide availability. Soon celebrating 50 years as a professional society, IIAR has developed numerous standards and guidelines that are recognized by government agencies, model codes, and associated organizations in the United States and internationally. Our member library contains hundreds of technical papers on a wide array of topics regarding the use of ammonia. This session…

A marine fuel standard for Ammonia - an engine designers perspective
Paper

A marine fuel standard for Ammonia - an engine designers perspective

Dorthe Jacobsen November 17, 2020

The presentation will discuss the challenges for operation on ammonia from an engine designers perspective and show the preliminary fuel standard for ammonia for the MAN Energy Solution ME-LGIA two-stroke engine. The presentation will also discuss drivers for change in the marine industry, and what is required for reaching zero-carbon shipping. A recent MAN-ES technical paper on use of ammonia in two-stroke maritime engines is available here.