Ammonia has the potential to be a low carbon fuel for shipping. As an important step for ships to adopt the fuel, the bunkering operation of ammonia shall be established. Ammonia bunkering can be characterized by different infrastructure and operation requirements from that of conventional marine fuel. The study presents potential bunkering concepts and configurations. The dispersion pattern due to accidental ammonia release is investigated by far-field simulation using PHAST software. The impacts of various factors on the dispersion patterns are explored to provide preliminary understandings of future ammonia bunkering safety in Singapore. Slides: please see the attached file.

Singapore is the largest trans-shipment seaports in the world that has connectivity to 600 ports in over 120 countries. The country has a thriving maritime cluster that comprises over 5,000 maritime-related establishments contributing about 7% of the nation’s gross domestic product. With the growth in world trade and expanding future port activities, the Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emission from the local ports is expected to increase in tandem to support the wide range of essential port services. This is a challenge for Singapore and the maritime industry as global climate change agreements call for the reduction in GHG emission. This presentation…