Platinum Member

Hiroshima University

Paper

Safety of Ammonia As Hydrogen and Energy Carriers

Ryan Miller November 13, 2019

Ammonia (NH3) is liquefied at 1 MPa and 25 °C, and has a highest volumetric hydrogen density of 10.7 kg H2 /100L. It has a high gravimetric hydrogen density of 17.8 wt%. The heat of formation of NH3 is about 1/10 of combustion heat of hydrogen. NH3 has advantages as a hydrogen carrier for fuel cell vehicles and an energy carrier for power plants. In this research, the purpose is to figure out regulations for safety of NH3 in the world, and survey NH3 accident. We also characterize water as a NH3 absorbent. Regulations for flammability and health hazard are…

Paper

Proton-Based Solid Acid for Ammonia Removal

Ryan Miller November 12, 2019

Large amount of water is a NH3 absorbent in the plant facilities for emergency. NH3 and NH4+ coexist in ammonia water. For example, potential of hydrogen (pH) is 11 in 2500 ppm ammonia water and the ratio of NH3 and NH4+ are 98% and 2%, respectively. The aqueous solution releases NH3 due to the high equilibrium vapor pressure, resulting in increase of the negative effects on the environment. Therefore, in order to reduce ammonia released to the atmosphere, sulfuric acid is added in the aqueous solution. In this case, ammonium sulfate is formed and dissolves in the water. Therefore complicated…

Paper

Ammonia As a Hydrogen Carrier for PEM Fuel Cells

Ryan Miller October 31, 2018

Ammonia (NH3) is easily liquefied by compression at 1 MPa and 25°C, and has highest volumetric hydrogen density of 10.7 kg H2 /100L. It has high gravimetric hydrogen density of 17.8 wt%. The heat of formation of NH3 is about 1/10 of combustion heat of hydrogen. NH3 has advantages as a hydrogen carrier for fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). ISO 14687-2:2012 specifies the quality characteristics of hydrogen fuel. The maximum concentration of NH3 and N2 for the FCVs is 0.1ppm and 100 ppm, respectively. The minimum H2 purity is 99.97%. We need component technologies to produce high-purity hydrogen from ammonia, together…

Article

254th ACS Meeting, Energy and Fuels Symposium “The Ammonia Economy” — Oxidation, Catalytic Cracking & Storage

Ryan Miller October 31, 2017

In August of 2017 a symposium on the Ammonia Economy was held in Washington DC as part of the Energy and Fuels Division of the American Chemical Society (ACS) conference. The symposium was devised to explore the latest results from

Article

Progress toward Ammonia-to-Hydrogen Conversion at H2 Fueling Stations

Ryan Miller October 05, 2017

In the last 12 months ... Groups in Australia, Japan, Denmark, the U.K., and the U.S. all made progress with technologies that can be used to convert ammonia to hydrogen at fueling stations. This means that hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles can

Article

Green Ammonia Consortium: Bright Prospects in Japan for Ammonia as an Energy Carrier

Ryan Miller October 05, 2017

In the last 12 months ... In July 2017, 19 companies and three research institutions came together to form the Green Ammonia Consortium. Before this development, it was unclear whether ammonia would find a significant role in Japan’s hydrogen economy.

Article

Major Development for Ammonia Energy in Japan

Ryan Miller August 10, 2017

On July 25, the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) announced that a collection of companies and research institutions had come together to form a Green Ammonia Consortium. The 22-member group will take over responsibility for the ammonia aspect of

Article

The Ammonia Economy at the ACS National Meeting

Ryan Miller July 06, 2017

The American Chemical Society (ACS) has published the program for its 2017 National Meeting, which takes place next month in Washington DC and includes a session dedicated to the "Ammonia Economy." The first day of the week-long meeting, Sunday August 20th,

Article

On the Ground in Japan: FCV Uptake and Hydrogen Fueling Stations

Ryan Miller June 01, 2017

Module four of the ten-module research and development agenda for Japan’s Cross-Ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program -- Energy Carriers is entitled “Basic Technology for Hydrogen Station Utilizing Ammonia.” The rationale for including this technology is that “high purity H2

Article

Hydrogen Fueling Station Development in Japan

Ryan Miller February 03, 2017

Two announcements – focused on very different approaches for supplying hydrogen as a transportation fuel – shine a light on Japan’s approach to creating a national hydrogen energy economy. On January 24, the American company Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. issued

Paper

Hydrogen Generation from Ammonia for PEM Fuel Cells

Ryan Miller September 21, 2015

Hydrogen Generation from Ammonia for PEM Fuel Cells Yoshitsugu Kojima, Institute for Advanced Materials Research, Hiroshima University

Paper

Liquid Ammonia for Hydrogen Storage

Ryan Miller September 22, 2014

Hydrogen storage and transportation technology is essentially necessary to realize hydrogen economy. Hydrogen can be stored in many different forms, as compressed or liquefied hydrogen in tanks, or as hydrogen carriers: a hydrogen-absorbing alloy, metal hydrides with light elements, organic hydrides and carbon-based hydrogen storage materials. Among them, solid-state hydrides with light elements such as MgH2, Mg(BH4)2 and NH3BH3 possess high hydrogen capacity, 7-20 mass%, However, the practical volumetric H2 density is below 8 kgH2/100L because the packing ratio is down to 50%. Ammonia is easily liquefied by compression at 1 MPa and 25°C, and has a high volumetric hydrogen…

Paper

A Green Ammonia Economy

Ryan Miller September 23, 2013

Ammonia has a high volumetric hydrogen density of 107.3 kg H2 per cubic meter, because it is easily liquefied by compression below 0.86 MPa at 20° C. The vapor pressure of liquefied ammonia is similar to propane. Moreover it has a high gravimetric hydrogen density of 17.8 mass% compared with the solid state hydrogen storage materials. It is noteworthy that ammonia can be synthesized from hydrogen in large scale manufacturing by Haber–Bosch process at 400-600° C and 20-40 MPa. Therefore, liquid ammonia is one of the most promising methods for storing and transporting hydrogen. CO2 free hydrogen (ammonia) will be…

Paper

NH3 as a Hydrogen Carrier

Ryan Miller October 2, 2012

NH3 as a Hydrogen Carrier Yoshitsugu Kojima and Takayuki Ichikawa, Hiroshima University

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